2015年高考作文写作中的材料调动问题（推荐10篇）

　　内容空洞、材料雷同是高考作文多年来突出反映出来的问题之一。考生如何调动储备的材料使作文内容扎实而丰富，如何调动自我的材料，写出与众不同的内容，是考生能否获得高分的瓶颈。本文结合近年来的高考作文命题，为考生提供一些解决该问题的办法。

内容导航

1、遵循用脑规律，找准调动材料的门径，分门别类地打开记忆的大门，寻找唯我独有的材料2、审题是否到位，是能否调动材料的关键3.相反联想4.相近联想第一，不要将题目简单化——用叩问的办法，将题目复杂起来，将审题深入化，找到调动材料的钥匙。6、运用各种调动材料的方法，保证高考作文材料是新异的，抑或是深刻的吴兴杂诗8.相因联想9、在写作材料问题上的一些认识上的误区10.相关联想

1、遵循用脑规律，找准调动材料的门径，分门别类地打开记忆的大门，寻找唯我独有的材料

　　大脑的使用总是要遵循一定的规律的，人们的记忆如同储藏东西，大多数情形下，是分门别类进行储存的，那么，打开它时也要遵循这一规律，才能快速地启动。

The use of the brain must always follow certain rules. People's memories are like storing things. In most cases, they are stored by category. Then, when opening them, they must follow this rule to start quickly.

　　就材料的储备而言，一般是按照社会、自然、历史和人生四大门类，当我们面对一个题目，审准之后，我们就可以按照这四条门径去调动我们大脑中储存的材料了。

As far as the material reserve is concerned, it is generally divided into four categories: society, nature, history and life. When we are faced with a problem, we can use these four channels to mobilize the materials stored in our brains.

　　例如，2010年高考语文江苏卷的作文题：绿色，生机勃勃，赏心悦目。绿色，与生命、生态密切相连。今天，绿色成为崭新的理念，与每个人的生活息息相关。请以“绿色生活”为题写一篇不少于800字的文章。

For example, the composition title of the 2010 College Entrance Examination Chinese Jiangsu Volume: green, vibrant, pleasing to the eye. Green is closely connected with life and ecology. Today, green has become a new concept, which is closely related to everyone's life. Please write an article of no less than 800 words on the topic of "Green Life".

　　这个题目的关键是对“绿色”一词的理解，题目中已经对它有了一些基本的解释。“绿色”的基本义是“自然界中常见的颜色，是一种比刚长出的嫩草的颜色深些的颜色，或在光谱中介于蓝与黄之间的那种颜色”。其比喻义为“自然的、本色的、质朴的、纯真的”，引申义为“无公害、没被污染”。“绿色成为崭新的理念”的含义是告诉人们：在今天的生活中人们应该努力消解高科技发展给我们生活带来的负面影响，回归到一种原本的、自然的、质朴的生活状态中去。将题目分析到这些层面上，也就为我们调动材料找到了一把把打开记忆大门的“钥匙”。

The key to this topic is the understanding of the word "green", which has been explained in the topic. The basic meaning of "green" is "a common color in nature, which is darker than the color of newly grown grass, or the color intermediate between blue and yellow in the spectrum". Its figurative meaning is "natural, natural, simple and innocent", and its extended meaning is "pollution-free". The meaning of "green becomes a new concept" is to tell people that in today's life, people should strive to eliminate the negative impact of high-tech development on our lives and return to an original, natural and simple life state. By analyzing the topic to these levels, we can find a "key" to open the door of memory for us to mobilize materials.

　　按照上述打开记忆大门的四大门径，我们就可以调动我们记忆中的材料了。从“社会生活”这一门径入手，我们可以调动有关“环保、环境污染、气候变暖、低碳生活”等方面的材料。但这是大部分考生在第一时间内的第一思维，如果仅从此种角度而写，很容易出现人云亦云的情况，造成撞车的局面。

According to the above four ways to open the door of memory, we can mobilize the materials in our memory. Starting from the path of "social life", we can mobilize materials related to "environmental protection, environmental pollution, climate warming, low-carbon life", etc. However, this is the first thought of most examinees in the first time. If they only write from this perspective, it is very easy to copy others and cause a crash.

　　从“自然生态”这一门径下笔，我们可以调动“乡村宁静、自然静谧、田园生活、乡土人情、民风古朴、自然风光”等方面的材料，来激起人们对乡间绿色生活的回归的欲望，这样写出来的作文要比从“社会生活”门径里调出来的材料写出来的作文效果好。

Starting from the path of "natural ecology", we can mobilize materials such as "rural tranquility, natural tranquility, pastoral life, local customs, ancient folk customs, and natural scenery" to stimulate people's desire to return to the green life in the countryside. The composition written in this way is better than that written in the path of "social life".

　　从“人类历史”这一门径出发，我们可以调动历史上的老庄的生活观，陶渊明的《桃花源记》，2009年安徽卷文言文阅读选用的《游东山记》的材料等等，将这些材料放到作文里去，也会给人耳目一新的感觉。

Starting from the path of "human history", we can mobilize the historical outlook on life of Lao Zhuang, Tao Yuanming's "The Peach Blossom Garden", and the materials of "Journey to the East Mountain" selected for the classical Chinese reading of the Anhui volume in 2009. Putting these materials into the composition will also give people a new feeling.

　　从“人生态度”这一门径去调动材料，我们可以作如下联想：将“绿色”看作喻体，“绿色生活”就是一种健康、朴实、平和的生活，“绿色生活”也喻指一种淡泊的人生态度。面对当今社会经济转型期，竞争压力不断加大，人心浮躁，感到前途迷茫，自杀、他杀的事件层出不穷，如“富士康十二跳”、前一段时间里的校园恶性事件等，贪污、暴力、色情等丑恶现象屡禁不止，重庆打黑中落马的文强、北京的“天上人间”的覆灭等。对此呼唤人们过一种没有世俗污染的自然的生活，崇尚生活的本真，享受人间的真情真爱。这样的立意就更高远，必能引起阅卷老师的青睐。

From the approach of "attitude towards life" to mobilize materials, we can make the following associations: take "green" as a metaphor, "green life" is a kind of healthy, simple and peaceful life, and "green life" also means a kind of indifferent attitude towards life. In the face of today's social and economic transition period, the competitive pressure is increasing, people are impetuous, and they feel confused about their future. Suicide and homicide incidents emerge in endlessly, such as the "Foxconn Twelve Jumps", the vicious campus incidents in the previous period, corruption, violence, pornography and other ugly phenomena are not prohibited, Wen Qiang, who was defeated in Chongqing's crackdown on the mafia, and the destruction of Beijing's "heaven and earth". This calls for people to live a natural life free from secular pollution, advocate the truth of life, and enjoy the true love of the world. This kind of idea will be more far-reaching and will certainly attract the favor of the marking teachers.

　　“门径”的意义在于找到自己调动材料的方向，照此方向拓展开去，可以顺利地打开思路，阔开视野，广泛地调动材料，优中选优，选出不同于他人的、唯我独有的材料，写出让人耳目一新的作文来。

The significance of the "doorway" is to find the direction of your own material mobilization. If you expand in this direction, you can smoothly open your mind, broaden your horizons, widely mobilize materials, select the best among the best, select materials that are different from others and unique to yourself, and write a refreshing essay.

2、审题是否到位，是能否调动材料的关键

　　所谓调动，是指要找到一把能够打开记忆大门的“钥匙”，打开哪一扇门，完全由“钥匙”来决定，找到这把“钥匙”便成了调动材料的关键，而“钥匙”就埋藏在题目中。

The so-called transfer means to find a "key" that can open the door of memory. The door to open is completely determined by the "key". Finding this "key" becomes the key to transfer materials, and the "key" is buried in the topic.

　　现在的高考命题常常具有内涵丰富、留给考生写作空间大等特点，也就是说题目中留给考生的“钥匙”很多，或者说留给考生的一把“钥匙”就可以打开多扇记忆的大门。那么考生寻找“钥匙”(即审题)就变得异常重要了。审题大而化之，找到的“钥匙”平平，那么就打不开记忆中的那扇最好的门，即使打开了记忆大门，门内所藏的材料也便平平;审题仔细、深透，找到一把好“钥匙”，打开的就是一扇最金贵的门，那么就能找到“新颖”的材料。

Today's college entrance examination topics are often rich in content and leave a large writing space for candidates. That is to say, there are many "keys" left for candidates in the topic, or a "key" left for candidates can open multiple doors of memory. Then it becomes extremely important for examinees to find the "key" (that is, examination). If the "key" found is flat, it will not open the best door in memory. Even if the door of memory is opened, the materials hidden in the door will be flat; Examine the topic carefully and thoroughly, find a good "key" to open the most valuable door, and then you can find "novel" materials.

　　在人群中，由于有朱光潜先生所说的“套板反应”，众多的考生就极易滑入毫不费力的“惯性思维轨道”(即套板)，惯性思维轨道常常是众人一起走的大道，于是众多考生便拥挤在这条道路上了，高考作文选材中的“题材高度撞车”现象便是这样诞生的。2008年安徽考生有80%以上的考生写四川大地震就是一例。而实际上认真审视一下“带着感动出发”，就会发现，这道题要求考生要写出“感动”，但重点则侧重于写在“感动”的感召下，是如何“出发”的，那么我们就可以用这把“钥匙”去打开记忆的大门，寻找符合题意的材料了。这样的材料就远不止“四川大地震”一种了，跳出“套板反应”，找到“唯我独有”的材料，写出别人没有的新材料，高考作文便可获高分了。

In the crowd, due to what Mr. Zhu Guangqian called the "template reaction", many examinees are very easy to slide into the effortless "inertial thinking track" (i.e. template). Inertial thinking track is often the main road for everyone to walk together, so many examinees are crowded on this road. This is how the phenomenon of "high subject matter crash" in the selection of college entrance examination compositions was born. In 2008, more than 80% of Anhui examinees wrote that the Sichuan earthquake was an example. In fact, if you carefully look at "starting with emotion", you will find that this question requires examinees to write "moving", but the focus is on how to "start" under the inspiration of "moving". Then we can use this "key" to open the door of memory and find materials that match the meaning of the question. This kind of material is far more than the "Sichuan Earthquake". If you jump out of the "template reaction", find the "unique" material, and write new materials that others do not have, you can get high marks in the college entrance examination composition.

　　“钥匙”就是引发你回忆联想的触发点，找到怎样的触发点将决定你调动怎样的材料，因为不同的触发点会引发出不同的材料。而找到怎样的触发点又取决于你是怎样审视题目的，所以“审题”是调动材料的关键。

The "key" is the trigger point that causes you to recall and associate. Finding the trigger point will determine what materials you use, because different trigger points will lead to different materials. How to find the trigger point depends on how you examine the topic, so "examining the topic" is the key to mobilizing materials.

　　以2009年安徽卷高考作文题目为例。2009年安徽卷高考作文命题是一道新型的材料作文题，材料的关键词是“弯道”“超越”，材料中命题者既对“弯道超越”的本义做出了通俗化的阐释，又对“弯道超越”运用到社会生活中的引申义做了提示，每一个提示点都是一把“钥匙”，每把“钥匙”都可以打开一扇记忆的大门，在每扇大门里你都可以找到能写出高分作文的材料。比如材料说“弯道是人生的一个关键点”，那么这句话就会引发我们联想：人生中有哪些关键点呢?小学升初中，初中升高中，高中升大学，18岁的生日，文理分科，填写大学志愿等等，每一个关键点都有材料可写，都可以写出高分作文。问题在于考生审题是否能够这样深入地去审视。

Take the 2009 Anhui College Entrance Examination essay as an example. The composition topic of Anhui College Entrance Examination in 2009 is a new type of material composition topic. The key words of the material are "bend" and "transcendence". The proponent in the material not only gives a popular interpretation of the original meaning of "bend transcendence", but also prompts the extended meaning of "bend transcendence" applied to social life. Each prompt point is a "key", and each "key" can open a door to memory, You can find materials that can write high scores in every door. For example, if the material says that "the curve is a key point in life", then this sentence will arouse our imagination: What are the key points in life? From primary school to junior high school, from junior high school to senior high school, from senior high school to university, 18th birthday, arts and science division, filling in university volunteer, etc., each key point has materials to write, and can write high score compositions. The question is whether the examinee can examine the question in this way.

　　如何能让我们的思维正确地深入地去审视题目呢?笔者提供两种方法供参考。

How can we allow our thinking to examine the topic correctly and deeply? The author provides two methods for reference.

3.相反联想

　　相反联想是根据事物之间存在着的互不相同或彼此相反的情况进行联想的一种思维方式。如由改革开放想到闭关自守，由伟大想到卑劣，由光明想到黑暗，由国内想到国外，由下级想到上级，由外部想到内部，等等。这种思维方式也可以运用到材料的调动上。例如，2010年高考语文重庆卷作文题：请以“难题”为题目，写一篇文章。

Contrary association is a way of thinking based on the differences or opposites between things. For example, from reform and opening up to isolation, from greatness to meanness, from brightness to darkness, from domestic to foreign, from subordinates to superiors, from external to internal, etc. This way of thinking can also be applied to the mobilization of materials. For example, the composition question of the 2010 College Entrance Examination in Chongqing: Please write an article with the topic of "difficult problem".

　　难题指“不容易解决或难以解答的问题”，有双关义，可以从实和虚两个角度去理解，既可以指学习中遇到的不好解答的试题(包括平时作业)，也可以指社会生活中、人生历程中遇到的棘手的问题，或者在成长过程中遇到的各种难以解决的困惑。我们可以从自己、父母或历史人物的经历中选择素材，可以谈古论今，也可反映现实生活，无论从哪个角度去思考，都能够找到写作的素材。

Difficult problems refer to "problems that are not easy to solve or difficult to solve". They have a double meaning and can be understood from the perspective of reality and falsehood. They can refer to difficult questions encountered in learning (including ordinary homework), difficult problems encountered in social life and life course, or various difficult puzzles encountered in the growth process. We can choose materials from the experiences of ourselves, parents or historical figures, talk about the past and the present, and reflect real life. No matter what angle we think, we can find materials for writing.

　　然而这多是采用的相关联想或相似联想的方法调动的材料，这个题目还可采用“相反联想”的思维方式来调动材料，比如把作文的立意立为“我的人生没有难题”或“不怕难题”，从这些角度去调动自己储存的材料，就是运用“相反联想”的思维方式。

However, most of these materials are mobilized by means of relevant association or similar association. This topic can also use the "opposite association" mode of thinking to mobilize materials. For example, the idea of composition is "I have no problems in my life" or "I am not afraid of problems". To mobilize my stored materials from these perspectives is to use the "opposite association" mode of thinking.

4.相近联想

　　相近联想是根据事物之间在空间或时间上的彼此接近进行联想的一种思维方式。如：苏东坡当年在杭州任地方官时，西湖的很多地段都已被泥沙淤积起来，成了当时所谓的“葑田”。苏东坡多次巡视西湖，反复考虑如何加以疏浚，再现西湖美景。有一天，他在西湖的围堰上散步，由围堰联想到：如果把从湖里挖上来的淤泥堆成一条像围堰一样的贯通南北的长堤，既可便利来往的游客，又能增添西湖的一个景点，那该多好啊。于是西湖美景——苏堤便从此出现了，苏堤的出现正是“相近联想”的结果。在作文材料的调动中也可使用“相似联想”的思维方法。

Similar association is a way of thinking based on the proximity of things in space or time. For example, when Su Dongpo was a local official in Hangzhou, many parts of the West Lake had been silted up by sediment, becoming the so-called "Fengtian" at that time. Su Dongpo has inspected the West Lake for many times and repeatedly considered how to dredge it to reproduce the beauty of the West Lake. One day, he took a walk on the cofferdam of the West Lake. The cofferdam reminded him how wonderful it would be if the mud dug from the lake could be piled up into a long dike that runs through the north and south like a cofferdam, which would not only facilitate tourists, but also add a scenic spot to the West Lake. So the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, Su Causeway, came into being. The appearance of Su Causeway is the result of "similar association". The thinking method of "similar association" can also be used in the mobilization of composition materials.

　　例如，2010年高考语文广东卷作文题：阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。你我为邻，相互依存。“你”可以是有形的，也可以是无形的;“邻”无法回避，却可有所选择。请你联系自己的生活体验与感受，以“与你为邻”为标题写一篇文章，自定文体，不少于800字。

For example, the composition question of the 2010 College Entrance Examination Chinese Guangdong Volume: Read the following text and write according to the requirements. You and I are neighbors and interdependent. You can be tangible or intangible; "Neighborhood" cannot be avoided, but there are choices. Please contact your own life experience and feelings, and write an article with the title of "Being Your Neighbor" in your own style, no less than 800 words.

　　“邻”就是“邻居”，空间上与邻居相近的有：个人角度有同桌、上下床、左右教室等;人类群体有邻国、动植物、外星球等。“邻”还可以理解为“相伴”，在这个意义与之相似的具象事物有：亲友、同学、老师、同事、旅友等等;与之相似的抽象事物有：病痛、孤独、幸福、磨难、伤痛、微笑等。以上材料的调动皆是因相似联想而来。

"Neighbor" means "neighbor". In space, neighbors are similar to each other: from a personal perspective, there are deskmates, getting on and off beds, left and right classrooms, etc; Human groups include neighboring countries, animals and plants, alien planets, etc. "Neighbor" can also be understood as "companion". In this sense, the concrete things similar to it are: relatives and friends, classmates, teachers, colleagues, travel friends, etc; Similar abstract things are: sickness, loneliness, happiness, suffering, pain, smile, etc. The mobilization of the above materials is due to similar associations.

第一，不要将题目简单化——用“叩问”的办法，将题目复杂起来，将审题深入化，找到调动材料的“钥匙”。

　　所谓叩问法，是指抓住题目中的关键词进行提问的一种办法。例如2009年安徽卷的“弯道超越”，就可以这样提问：什么是弯道?弯道有什么特征?什么是超越?如何才能超越?当我们寻找到这些问题的答案时，我们就能从答案中寻找到调动材料的“钥匙”了。

The so-called knocking method refers to a method of asking questions by grasping the key words in the topic. For example, in the 2009 Anhui Volume, the question of "curve transcendence" can be asked as follows: What is a curve? What are the characteristics of curves? What is transcendence? How can we surpass? When we find the answers to these questions, we can find the "key" to mobilize materials from the answers.

　　再比如2010年北京卷的作文题：请以“仰望星空与脚踏实地”作为题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章。除诗歌外，文体不限。可以这样提问：星空的含义是什么?其比喻义是什么?实际的含义是什么?其比喻义是什么?星空为什么要仰望?大地为什么要脚踏?当我们寻找到这些问题的答案时，我们也就能从答案中寻找到调动材料的“钥匙”了。

Another example is the composition topic of the 2010 Beijing Volume: please write an article of no less than 800 words with the topic "Looking up at the starry sky and keeping your feet on the ground". Apart from poetry, the style is unlimited. You can ask: What is the meaning of the starry sky? What is its figurative meaning? What is the actual meaning? What is its figurative meaning? Why should the starry sky look up? Why is the earth treading? When we find the answers to these questions, we can also find the "key" to mobilize materials from the answers.

　　第二，不要一叶障目，不见泰山——用整体的眼光去看待题目，让你调动材料的“钥匙”不至于开错了门。

Second, don't be blinded by everything - look at the topic as a whole, so that you can use the "key" to mobilize materials without opening the wrong door.

　　在调动材料的过程中，“钥匙”打开哪扇门直接涉及到是否切题的问题，这个问题是高考作文写作中的最为重要的问题。

In the process of mobilizing materials, which door the "key" opens directly relates to whether it is relevant to the topic, which is the most important question in the composition writing of the college entrance examination.

　　无论是命题作文，还是材料作文，抑或是话题作文，审题时都必须有“整体意识”，切忌抓住其中的某一点而不计其余，以保证找准调动材料的“钥匙”以及用它能打开一扇正确的门。例如2010年安徽卷的作文题。阅读下面这首诗，根据要求作文。

Whether it is a topic composition, or a material composition, or a topic composition, we must have a "holistic awareness" when reviewing the topic. We must not grasp one of the points and ignore the rest to ensure that we can find the "key" to mobilize materials and use it to open a correct door. For example, the composition of the 2010 Anhui volume. Read the following poem and write a composition according to the requirements.

6、运用各种“调动材料”的方法，保证高考作文材料是新异的，抑或是深刻的

　　调动材料的方法实际上就是“联想”的方法。以上所谈的解决的是如何找到正确的“联想由头”，即从哪儿开始联想，或者说借助什么进行联想。这个问题解决后，接下来的问题就是怎样联想的问题。下面我们来介绍几个联想方法。

The method of mobilizing materials is actually the method of "association". What we have discussed above is how to find the correct "association origin", that is, where to start association, or what to use for association. After this problem is solved, the next problem is how to associate. Let's introduce some association methods.

　　联想就是由甲物想到乙事，依据心理学原理，一般是通过以下几个途径来完成的。

Association is to think of something from thing A to thing B. According to psychological principles, association is generally achieved through the following ways.

　　1.相似联想

1. Similar association

　　相似联想就是由某一事物或现象想到与它相似的其他事物或现象的思维方法。刘基由“金玉其外，败絮其中”的柑子，想到封建社会那些道貌岸然而内心肮脏的官员;周敦颐由“出淤泥而不染”的荷花，想到在龌龊环境中保持高洁品质的人;韩愈由千里马被埋没，想到人才的被埋没，等等，都是“相似联想”的结果。在作文材料的调动中也可使用“相似联想”的思维方法。例如：2010年高考语文全国卷Ⅰ的作文题：阅读下面的图画材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。要求选准角度，明确立意，自选文体，自拟标题;不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。

Similarity association is a way of thinking from a certain thing or phenomenon to other things or phenomena similar to it. Liu Ji thought of the officials in feudal society who were dignified but dirty in their hearts from the orange of "gold and jade outside, dirty inside"; Zhou Dunyi thought of the people who keep high quality in the dirty environment from the lotus that "comes out of the mud without dyeing"; Han Yu was buried by Qianlima. Thinking of the burial of talents, etc., is the result of "similar association". The thinking method of "similar association" can also be used in the mobilization of composition materials. For example, the composition question of the 2010 National College Entrance Examination Chinese Volume I: Read the following picture materials and write an article of no less than 800 words according to the requirements. It is required to select the right angle, clear the idea, choose the style and prepare the title; Do not break away from the scope of material content and implication, do not imitate, and do not plagiarize.

　　下页漫画中，第三只猫的话“都什么年代了，有鱼吃还捉老鼠!”太熟悉了，在我们的生活中，它已经成为一个句子的范式：“都什么年代了，还让×去×!”用“相似联想法”，我们可以联想到：“都什么年代了，还让我穿旧衣服!”“都什么年代了，还让我们去学雷锋!”……漫画内容结合第三只猫的这句话，我们也可以做这样的相似联想：现在的工作条件好了、生活水平提高了(有鱼吃)，我们是不是就该放弃自己的本分(放弃捉老鼠)了呢?我们的本分是什么?警察的本分就是维护社会治安，军人的本分就是保护人民的生命财产安全、维护国家领土主权的完整和民族的尊严，公务员的本分就是为人民服务，教师的本分是教好自己的学生，学生的本分就是搞好自己的学习，做人的本分就是善良待人，能给人以援手时就给人以援手……联想到这里，我们的作文立意以及作文材料不就出来了吗?

In the cartoon on the next page, the third cat said, "What time is it? Catch mice while eating fish!" It's too familiar. In our life, it has become a sentence paradigm: "What's the age × go ×!” With the "similar association method", we can associate: "What age is it, and let me wear old clothes!" "What time is it? Let's learn from Lei Feng!" The content of the cartoon combined with the words of the third cat, we can also make this similar association: Now the working conditions are better and the living standard is improved (there are fish to eat), should we give up our duty (give up catching mice)? What is our duty? The duty of the police is to maintain social security, the duty of the military is to protect the safety of people's lives and property, maintain the integrity of national territorial sovereignty and national dignity, the duty of civil servants is to serve the people, the duty of teachers is to teach their students well, the duty of students is to do their own learning well, the duty of being a man is to be kind to others, and to help others when they can, Don't our composition ideas and materials come out?

吴兴杂诗

　　[清]阮元

[Qing Dynasty] Ruan Yuan

　　交流四水抱城斜，散作千溪遍万家。

The city is surrounded by four rivers, and thousands of streams are scattered across thousands of homes.

　　深处种菱浅种稻，不深不浅种荷花。

Rice is planted in the deep, and lotus is not planted in the deep.

　　这首诗蕴含的哲理，引发了你怎样的思考或联想?请根据你的思考或联想写一篇文章，不少于800字。

How do you think or associate with the philosophy contained in this poem? Please write an article based on your thinking or association, no less than 800 words.

　　安徽2010年56万考生中有10余万考生作文写背题了，原因就在于“抓住其中的某一点而不计其余”错误的审题方式上。有的同学抓住第一句“交流四水抱城斜”，得出“团结力量大”的立意点;而有的同学抓住第二句“散作千溪遍万家”，得出“贡献是一种美德”“为人民服务”的立意点。这些立意点的得出，既没有全面把握材料，也没能深入理解题目中的“哲理”一词的真正含义，所以它们肯定会被判为“离题或偏题作文”。

In 2010, more than 100000 of the 560000 examinees in Anhui Province wrote their compositions to recite the questions, because of the wrong way of "grasping one point and ignoring the rest". Some students grasped the first sentence of "communication with four rivers embracing the city" and came to the idea of "great unity"; However, some students grasped the second sentence, "make thousands of streams and thousands of families", and came to the idea that "contribution is a virtue" and "serving the people". The conclusion of these ideas neither fully grasp the materials nor deeply understand the real meaning of the word "philosophy" in the title, so they will definitely be judged as "off topic or off topic composition".

　　正确的审题方法是按照“绝句”的规律下手。一、二句重在描景或叙事上，三、四句才是揭示主题的抒情或议论，从整体上把握，立意点应该从三、四句中寻找：因地制宜;因材施教;认清自我;找准位置等等。这样的立意才有可能准确。

The correct way to examine a topic is to follow the rule of "quatrains". 1、 The second sentence focuses on the description of scenery or narration, and the third or fourth sentence is the lyric or comment that reveals the theme. To grasp it as a whole, we should look for the conception point from the third or fourth sentence: adjust measures to local conditions; teach students in accordance with their aptitude; Recognize yourself; Find the right position and so on. Only in this way can we be accurate.

　　当然，一道命题，能让1/5的考生离题或偏题，说明这道题目命得就有问题，这应该是一道“失败的命题”。失败的原因在于命题者寻找的材料——这首绝句不典型，三、四句的抒情或议论的味道并不明显，从中抽取的哲理也很勉强。正因如此，学生面对这样的材料会有一种无所适从的感觉，偏题或离题现象也就在所难免了。

Of course, a proposition can make 1/5 of the examinees deviate from or deviate from the topic, which indicates that the topic is doomed to be a problem. This should be a "failed proposition". The reason for the failure lies in the material that the proponent sought - this quatrain is not typical, the lyric or argumentative flavor of three or four sentences is not obvious, and the philosophy extracted from it is also very reluctant. Because of this, students will feel at a loss when facing such materials, and it is inevitable to deviate from the topic.

　　在审题中找到调动材料的钥匙，用“叩问法”和“整体意识”保证找到有效的“钥匙”，保证打开的材料之门是正确的。

Find the key to mobilize materials in the examination, and use the "kowtowing method" and "overall awareness" to ensure that effective "keys" are found, and that the open door of materials is correct.

8.相因联想

　　相因联想是由一种事物的经验联想到另一种与它有因果联系的事物的思维方法。例如由企业标志联想到企业策划，由学校校徽联想到学校的办学理念，由一个学生的成绩优秀联想到他刻苦学习的精神等等。这种思维方式也可运用到作文材料的调动上。例如，2010年高考语文江西卷作文题：美国著名歌手迈克尔·杰克逊在《童年》中曾深情地歌唱：“你见过我的童年么?我在寻找我来自的世界。”童年，本应天真烂漫;童年，本应百无禁忌;童年，本应无忧无虑……可是今天，令人神往的“童年”却渐行渐远，正从我们身边消失。请以“找回童年”为题写一篇文章。

Relative association is a way of thinking from the experience of one thing to another that has causal connection with it. For example, the enterprise logo is associated with the enterprise planning, the school logo is associated with the school running philosophy, and the excellent performance of a student is associated with his spirit of hard study. This way of thinking can also be applied to the mobilization of composition materials. For example, the composition of the Jiangxi volume of the 2010 college entrance examination: Michael Jackson, a famous American singer, once sang affectionately in Childhood: "Have you seen my childhood? I am looking for the world I come from." Childhood, should be naive; Childhood should be taboo; Childhood should be carefree... But today, the fascinating "childhood" is fading away from us. Please write an article on the topic "Find Your Childhood".

　　“找回童年”，我们在调动材料时，可以从这样一个问题入手：我为什么要找回童年?按照这个思路调动到的材料都属用“相因联想”思维方法调动来的材料，比如我们可以联想到长大后的种种烦恼和困惑，长大后受到的种种限制和约束，长大后碰到的种种虚假和伪装等等。

When we mobilize materials, we can start with this question: Why should I find my childhood? The materials mobilized according to this idea are all materials mobilized using the thinking method of "relative association". For example, we can associate all kinds of troubles and perplexities after growing up, all kinds of restrictions and restrictions after growing up, and all kinds of falsehoods and camouflages encountered after growing up.

　　综上所述，笔者认为，考生考场作文表现出的“千篇一律、千人一面”的现象，原因不在于学生的材料储备不够上，而在于学生不会调动材料上，考生的重要任务是如何学会运用正确的思维方法来快速准确地调动自己储备的作文材料。

To sum up, the author believes that the reason for the phenomenon of "one size fits all" in the examinee's compositions in the examination room is not that the student's material reserve is insufficient, but that the student will not mobilize the material. The important task of the examinee is to learn how to use the correct thinking method to quickly and accurately mobilize their reserved composition materials.

9、在写作材料问题上的一些认识上的误区

　　有些人把作文内容空洞或只能写一些人云亦云的材料，归结为考生生活过于单调、大脑中储备材料不够。其实，这是认识上的一个莫大的误区。

Some people attribute the content of the composition to be empty or can only write some material that others follow, because the examinee's life is too monotonous and there is not enough material in the brain. In fact, this is a huge misunderstanding.

　　一个人的写作材料来源可分为两大类：一类来源于阅读经验，一类来源于生活经验。每一位考生读书12年，人生阅历18年左右，大脑中所储备的材料一定是十分丰富的，拿来完成一道规范的高考作文命题是绰绰有余的。一道规范的高考作文命题一定是贴近高中生的生活实际的，这是一个命题原则，否则就不能算作一道规范的命题。既然规范的命题是贴近高中生生活的，也就是说要让高考生有话可说的，那么，高中生的材料储备是不应该有问题的。

The sources of a person's writing materials can be divided into two categories: one is from reading experience, and the other is from life experience. Every examinee has studied for 12 years and has lived for about 18 years. The materials stored in his brain must be very rich. It is more than enough to complete a standardized composition proposition for the college entrance examination. A standard composition proposition for the college entrance examination must be close to the actual life of high school students, which is a proposition principle, otherwise it cannot be regarded as a standard proposition. Since the standard proposition is close to the life of high school students, that is to say, to let the college entrance examination students have something to say, then, the material reserve of high school students should not be a problem.

　　然而仍有很多考生对规范命题依然会感到无话可说，于是便只能空洞地说说一些“公共话语”，把文章写得空洞无物;或者只能说一说人云亦云的材料，造成自己的选材与大多数考生材料的雷同。例如2008年安徽省高考作文命题《带着感动出发》，80%以上的考生的选材都是四川大地震，而所写的材料大多是来自于各种媒体不知说了多少遍的材料。那么，这是为什么呢?

However, many examinees still have nothing to say about the standard proposition, so they can only talk about some "public words" in an empty way and write the article in an empty way; Or we can only say that the materials that people follow others' example make our selection of materials similar to those of most candidates. For example, in the 2008 Anhui College Entrance Examination composition topic "Set out with a touch", more than 80% of the candidates selected materials from the Sichuan earthquake, and most of the materials they wrote were materials from various media that have been said for many times. So why?

　　这不是因为考生无话可说，而是因为考生没能调动自己多年来储备的材料。因为高中语文课本中就有很多能让考生感动的材料，比如至情文章《与妻书》《出师表》《项脊轩志》《祭十二郎文》《陈情表》等等。这些文章中的材料都可以成为考生“感动”的理由或依据，为什么一定要写“四川大地震”呢?每位考生18年左右的人生经历中也一定会有很多令考生感动的人或事，然而考生却没能把它们调动出来，依然要去写“四川大地震”。

This is not because the examinee has nothing to say, but because the examinee has not been able to mobilize the materials he has stored for many years. Because there are many materials that can move the examinee in the high school Chinese textbook, such as the affectionate articles "Letter with Wife", "Dispatch Table", "Xiang Ji Xuan Zhi", "Ji Shi Er Lang Wen", "Chen Qing Table", and so on. The materials in these articles can be the reason or basis for the examinees to be "moved". Why must they write "Sichuan Earthquake"? Every candidate's 18 year or so of life experience will certainly have many people or things that move the candidate, but the candidate has not been able to mobilize them and still has to write about the "Sichuan Earthquake".

　　看来，考生作文空洞无物、人云亦云、千人一面的问题不是考生材料储备不足的问题，而是对材料调动应用能力差的问题。

It seems that the problem of the students' composition is not the lack of material reserves, but the poor ability to mobilize and apply materials.

10.相关联想

　　所谓“相关”，是指一种实际上的直接的关联。这种关联是多种多样的，如字面上的相关，时间上的相关，空间上的相关，物与人的相关，人与事的相关，等等。如从“一”字可以联想到“一滴水”，联想到“一滴水”可以汇聚江河;可以联想到“竹中一滴曹溪水，涨起两江十八滩”的诗句;还可以联想到一个英文单词、一道数学习题;可以联想到一分钱、一度电、一粒粮食……由今年春节发生的事，想到去年以至更早的春节所发生的事，就是由时间因素触发的相关联想，等等。这种思维方式也可运用到材料的调动上。例如，2010年高考语文湖南卷的作文题：请以“早”为题目，写一篇不少于800字的议论文或记叙文。

The so-called "correlation" refers to a direct correlation in fact. This kind of correlation is varied, such as literal correlation, temporal correlation, spatial correlation, object and person correlation, person and matter correlation, and so on. For example, the word "one" can be associated with "a drop of water" and "a drop of water" can converge rivers; It can be associated with the poem "A drop of Caoxi water in the bamboo rises up to the ten beaches of the two rivers"; Can also associate with an English word, a math exercise; It can be associated with a penny, a kilowatt hour, a grain of grain... What happened during the Spring Festival this year, and what happened during the Spring Festival last year or even earlier, are related associations triggered by time factors, etc. This way of thinking can also be applied to the mobilization of materials. For example, the composition topic of the 2010 College Entrance Examination Chinese Hunan Volume: Please write an argumentative essay or narrative of no less than 800 words with "Morning" as the topic.

　　什么是“早”，“早”的内涵是什么?“早”第一个含义是“太阳出来的时候”，第二个含义是“时间靠前，在某一个时间之前”。使用“相关联想”的思维方式，由“早”可以联想到“早晨”“早上的阳光”“早上的事”“早间新闻”“趁早”“早安”“赶早”等等;还可以联想到“出名要趁早”“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”“做任何事情都要早一点”“早一点是一种生活态度”“早一点做好准备”“道一声：‘早!’”“早一点长大”等等;还可以联想到“一年之计在于春，一天之计在于晨”“少年不知读书早”，鲁迅先生刻在书桌的“早”字，“闻鸡起舞”等等。我们联想到的这一切都与“早”有关，运用的正是“相关联想”法。

What is "early" and what is the connotation of "early"? The first meaning of "early" is "when the sun comes out", and the second meaning is "time ahead, before a certain time". Using the thinking mode of "relevant association", "morning" can be associated with "morning", "sunshine in the morning", "morning events", "morning news", "early morning", "good morning", "hurry up", etc; It can also be associated with "Be famous as early as possible", "The early bird has the worm to eat", "Do everything early", "Early is a kind of life attitude", "Get ready early", "Say: 'Morning!'" Grow up early ", etc; It can also be associated with "the plan of a year is spring, and the plan of a day is morning", "young people don't know how to read early", Mr. Lu Xun's words "early" engraved on his desk, "the chicken dances", etc. All these things we associate with "Zao" are related to "Zao", and we use the "correlation association" method.