记叙文的五大基本要素【合集5篇】

　　记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。

内容导航

1、巧选切入角度。2、张扬人物个性。3、升华文章主题。4、清楚交代要素。5、善用描写手法。

1、巧选切入角度。

　　一是讲究切入时段。就事情本身而言，它总是按照起因、经过、结果的顺序发生发展的。你可以落笔就写“起因”，然后遵循时间顺序一一道来;也可以落笔写“经过”，将“起因”插入到后面的描写之中，或者文末再揭示“起因”;还可以落笔就写“结果”，让精彩、非同寻常的事情结果一开始就“点亮”读者的眼睛。注意，一般而言，后两种切入方式更容易出彩。鉴于第一种切入方式容易流于平淡，所以这时你最好让事情的结果出乎人的意外，文章会因此增添波澜，让人爱读。二是讲究叙述角度。一件事情的当事人往往不止一人，到底站在谁的角度叙述所见所闻，应该以有利文章设置疑点、吸引读者为原则。比如说，事件中的核心问题只有甲知道，你不妨从乙的角度叙述，因为乙心中的疑问容易引起读者心中生疑、存疑。读者理所当然地会跟着你的思路往下读。比如，《陷阱》一文写的是汉朝吕后等人设计邀请韩信赴宴并除掉他。如果从吕后等人的角度写，无疑不好设疑。作者从韩信的角度展开叙述，吕后等人始终没有出场，只有一个从吕后处派出的使者和韩信两个人出现。这样的叙述角度，保证了文章始终处在一种神秘不可测的氛围之中，因此具有很强的可读性。需要指出的是，实践中有人创造性地从物的角度展开叙述，也收到了很好的效果。

First, pay attention to the cut in period. As far as things are concerned, they always occur and develop in the order of cause, process and result. You can write down the "cause" and follow the chronological order; You can also write down the "past", insert the "cause" into the following description, or reveal the "cause" at the end of the text; You can also write "results" at the beginning, so that wonderful and unusual things can "light up" readers' eyes at the beginning. Note that, generally speaking, the latter two cut in methods are more attractive. In view of the fact that the first way of entry is easy to become dull, you'd better make the outcome of the event unexpected, and the article will add waves and make people love to read. Second, pay attention to the narrative angle. There is often more than one person involved in a matter, and the principle of setting doubts in favor of articles and attracting readers should be taken as the principle of who exactly stands to describe what they have seen and heard. For example, only Party A knows the core issues in the event, so you may as well describe them from the perspective of Party B, because the questions in Party B's mind are likely to cause doubts in the minds of readers. Readers will naturally follow your ideas. For example, the article "Trap" wrote that Empress Lv and others in the Han Dynasty designed to invite Han Xin to dinner and kill him. If we write from the perspective of Empress Lu and others, it is no doubt difficult to set doubts. The author narrates from the perspective of Han Xin. Empress Lv and others never appeared, only an envoy sent from Empress Lv and Han Xin appeared. This narrative perspective ensures that the article is always in a mysterious and unpredictable atmosphere, so it has a strong readability. It should be pointed out that in practice, some people creatively narrate from the perspective of things, and have also received good results.

2、张扬人物个性。

　　文章中的人物并不在乎求美，也不能求全，应该注重展示其个性，下面老师教的这几招，也许能帮你将那些“乐得自在逍遥”、“羞得含蓄可爱”、“闹得幽默文明”的人物，淋漓尽致地写出来：一是衣着个性化。只要我们细细观察，便会发现，活泼开朗的人喜欢穿艳丽的服饰，文静娴淑的人衣着传统，狂妄不羁的人爱穿奇装。抓住人物的衣着，往往能衬出人物的性情。二是肖像个性化。人物神态的变化往往能推动情节的发展，一篇题为《备课本风波》的文章，先说“老师照样带着浅浅的笑意走进了教室”，可老师走到讲台上时“笑脸突然不见了”，当老师翻备课本时更是“脸涨得通红，激动鲜明地写到了额头上”，这样的肖像描写不但做到了“神似”，而且极富悬念感。三是动作个性化。一言一行，要透出性情。电视剧《鹿鼎记》之所以受到观众的青睐，一个很重要的原因就是人物动作夸张，韦小宝的每一个动作几乎都能让观众忍俊不禁。

The characters in the article do not care about seeking beauty or perfection. They should pay attention to displaying their personality. The following tips taught by the teacher may help you to write down the characters who are "happy and carefree", "shy and reserved and lovely", and "humorous and civilized". First, the clothes are personalized. As long as we observe carefully, we will find that lively and cheerful people like to wear gorgeous clothes, quiet and demure people like to wear traditional clothes, and arrogant and unruly people like to wear strange clothes. Grasping the clothes of a character can often set off the character's temperament. The second is portrait personalization. The change of the character's demeanor can often promote the development of the plot. An article entitled "The storm of preparing textbooks" first said that "the teacher still walked into the classroom with a shallow smile", but when the teacher walked to the platform, "the smiling face suddenly disappeared", and when the teacher turned over the textbook, "the face rose red and was written on the forehead excitedly". Such portrait description not only achieved "spirit likeness", but also was very suspenseful. The third is action personalization. Every word and deed should show your temperament. One of the most important reasons why the TV play "Luding Ji" is favored by the audience is the exaggerated action of the characters. Almost every action of Wei Xiaobao can make the audience laugh.

3、升华文章主题。

　　记叙文不一定都使用记叙、描写之类的文字，在文章做总结时恰当地结合议论的方式，会使文章的主旨更加明确。例如有学生写《学戏》一文，作者在结尾中写道：

Narratives do not necessarily use narration, description and other words, and proper combination of discussion in the article summary will make the theme of the article more clear. For example, a student wrote the article Learning Drama, and the author wrote at the end:

　　“只要坚持，总有一天，你会像那个成功人一样的。”我又想起妈妈鼓励我的话。是啊，学戏就如爬山，只要坚持就能爬到山顶。其实，做其他的事也是如此啊，坚持不懈地做下去，总有一天，你会做成功的。

"As long as you persist, one day you will be like that successful person." I remembered my mother's words of encouragement. Yes, learning drama is like climbing a mountain. You can climb to the top of the mountain as long as you stick to it. In fact, the same is true for other things. Keep on doing it, and you will succeed one day.

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4、清楚交代“要素”。

　　你叙述的事件发生在什么时间、什么地点?其中有哪些人物参与?它的起因、经过和结果是怎样的?这些问题，必须在文章中作出交待。因为时间、地点、人物和事情的起因、经过和结果是构成某一事件的基本要素(俗称“记叙的六要素”)。如果你觉得其中有些要素(如“时间”)让人一看就清楚，文中可以省去直接交代的文字，不过，它依然是明显存在的。如果涉及时间的推移和地点的转换，你万万不可大意，一定要适时地作出交代，以免让人感到莫名其妙。除此以外，由于历史事件的复杂性，所以我们还要向读者交代必要的事件背景。否则，读者可能会觉得云里雾里，不得要领。

When and where did the event you described happen? Who is involved? What are its causes, processes and results? These problems must be explained in the article. Because time, place, people and the cause, process and result of events are the basic elements of an event (commonly known as the "six elements of narration"). If you think that some of the elements (such as "time") can be seen clearly, you can omit the words directly explained in the text, but it is still obvious. If it involves the passage of time and the change of place, you must not be careless. You must make an explanation in time to avoid making people feel confused. In addition, due to the complexity of historical events, we also need to explain the necessary background of events to the readers. Otherwise, readers may feel foggy and pointless.

5、善用描写手法。

　　在记叙文里，除了记叙为主外，一定要以追求形象为目的，运用描写手法写好其中若干片段：比如人物的一连串动作，人物的神态变化，人物活动的场景等等。同时，必要时要运用议论抒情，通过以情点染，以议升华，达到画龙点睛的目的。这里，就要注意运用描写手法。在考场作文中恰当加入一些细腻的描写片断，可以收到于细微处展精神的写作效果。或动作逼真，可知可感;或景随情出，情因景生;或语言幽默，情趣盎然。中考满分作文《“东方之珠”是美丽的》中的一段景物描写，就状难写之景于眼前，含不尽之意于言外，展现了“东方之珠”的神奇魅力，道出了自己对上海的无限深情：

In narratives, in addition to narrating, we must use descriptive techniques to write a number of fragments with the goal of pursuing images, such as a series of actions of the characters, changes in their demeanor, scenes of their activities, and so on. At the same time, when necessary, it is necessary to use argumentation to express feelings, and to achieve the goal of making the finishing point through emotional touch and discussion sublimation. Here, we should pay attention to the use of descriptive techniques. Adding some delicate description fragments in the examination room composition can achieve the writing effect of displaying the spirit in the subtle places. Or the action is realistic, which can be seen and felt; Or the scene comes out with the situation, and the situation is born with the scene; Or the language is humorous and full of interest. A scene description in the full score composition "The Oriental Pearl" is beautiful "in the middle school entrance examination shows the magic charm of the" Oriental Pearl "and expresses his infinite affection for Shanghai

　　清晨，蓝色的云霞里出现了一道细小的抛物线，这线红得透亮，闪着金光，冲破云霞。不久，耀眼的光辉洒向东方明珠，使剔透的球体再次复苏，重现本色。渐渐地，红与白融为一体的巨型建筑物便占据了我的双眼。在她与我之间，浦江上仿佛铺出了一条碎光闪烁的路……

In the morning, a small parabola appeared in the blue clouds, which was bright red and glittered with golden light, breaking through the clouds. Before long, the dazzling brilliance spread to the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, making the clear sphere revive again and reappear its true color. Gradually, the huge building integrating red and white occupied my eyes. Between her and me, the Pujiang River seems to be paved with a path of broken light