各种修辞手法的作用（推荐8篇）

内容导航

1.设问2.借代3.反问4.比喻5.比拟6.排比7.夸张8.对偶

1.设问

　　设问的特点

The characteristics of asking questions

　　“无疑而问”。往往明知故问，自问自答或提出问题不需要确定答案。目的是强调问题，以引起人们注意，启发人们进行思考。例如：白色的花含有什么色素呢?白色的花什么色素也没有。

"No doubt ask". It is not necessary to determine the answer when asking, answering or asking questions. The purpose is to emphasize problems, so as to draw people's attention and inspire people to think. For example, what pigments do white flowers contain? The white flowers have no pigment.

　　又如：社会生产力有这样巨大的发展，劳动生产率有这样大幅度的提高，*的是什么?最主要的是*科学的力量、技术的力量。

Another example: what is the significance of such a huge development in social productivity and such a substantial increase in labor productivity? The most important is the power of science and technology.

2.借代

　　(1)借代的特点及其作用

(1) The characteristics and functions of metonymy

　　借代不直接说出所要表述的人或事物，而用与其相关的事物来代替。它强调两事物间的相关点。其作用是以简代繁，以实代虚，以奇代凡，以事代情。

Metonymy does not directly say the person or thing to be expressed, but replaces it with something related to it. It emphasizes the correlation between two things. Its role is to replace complexity with simplicity, to replace emptiness with reality, to replace ordinary people with oddity, and to replace feelings with events.

　　(2)借代的种类

(2) Types of metonymy

　　①特征代本体。例如：大胡子凶神恶煞地吼叫着。

① Feature generation ontology. For example, the beard roared ferociously.

　　②具体代抽象。例如：不拿群众一针一线。

② Concrete stands for abstract. For example, do not give the masses a stitch.

　　③专名代泛称。例如：我们的时代需要千千万万个雷锋。

③ A generic term for a proper name. For example, our times need tens of thousands of Lei Feng.

　　④人名代著作。例如：我们要多读点鲁迅。

④ Works written on behalf of a person. For example, we should read more about Lu Xun.

　　⑤部分代整体。例如：吟罢低眉无写处，月光如水照缁衣。

⑤ Some take the place of the whole. For example, after chanting, I lowered my eyebrows and could not write, and the moonlight shone like water on my clothes.

　　⑥结果代原因。例如：专弄文墨，为壮士捧腹。

⑥ Results replace causes. For example, he specializes in writing and calligraphy to cheer for heroes.

　　⑦原料代成品。例如：五十年间万事空，懒将白发对青铜。

⑦ Raw materials substitute products. For example: fifty years of nothing, lazy white hair against bronze.

　　⑧地名代本体。例如：延安还是西安?要划清这种界限。

⑧ The place name stands for noumenon. For example: Yan'an or Xi'an? We should draw a clear line.

3.反问

　　反问的特点也是“无疑而问”，用疑问句的形式表示确定的意思，以加强语气，增强表达效果，句末一般打问号，有的也可打感叹号。

The rhetorical question is also characterized by "asking without doubt". It uses the form of interrogative sentences to express the definite meaning, so as to strengthen the tone and enhance the expression effect. At the end of the sentence, there are generally question marks, and some can also be exclamations.

　　反问的形式有两种：

There are two forms of rhetorical questions:

　　(1)用肯定的形式表示否定。例如：毛主席都是如此，我们还有什么可以骄傲的呢?

(1) Use the positive form to express the negative. For example, Chairman Mao is like this. What can we be proud of?

　　(2)用否定的形式表示肯定。例如：“难道不是我们劳动群众创造了人类世界吗?”

(2) Use negative form to express affirmation. For example: "Isn't it our working people who created the human world?"

4.比喻

　　(1)比喻的特点及作用

(1) Characteristics and Functions of Metaphor

　　比喻就是“打比方”。即抓住两种不同性质的事物的相似点，用一事物来喻另一事物。比喻的结构一般由本体(被比喻的事物)、喻体(作比方的事物)和比喻词(比喻关系的标志)构成。构成比喻的关键：甲和乙必须是本质不同的事物，甲乙之间必须有相似点，否则比喻不能成立。比喻的作用主要是：化平淡为生动;化深奥为浅显;化抽象为具体;化冗长为简洁。

The metaphor is "analogy". That is, grasp the similarities between two things with different properties, and use one thing to describe another. The structure of metaphor is generally composed of noumenon (the thing to be compared), vehicle (the thing to be compared) and metaphor words (the symbol of metaphor relationship). The key to forming a metaphor: A and B must be essentially different things, and there must be similarities between A and B, otherwise the metaphor cannot be established. The function of metaphor is mainly to change the dull into vivid; Turn abstruse into plain; Turn abstract into concrete; Turn verbosity into simplicity.

　　(2)比喻的种类

(2) Types of Metaphors

　　①明喻。典型形式是：甲像乙。本体喻体都出现，中间用比喻词“像、似、仿佛、犹如”等相联结。例如：收获的庄稼堆成垛，像稳稳矗立的小山。”

① Simile. The typical form is: A like B. Ontological vehicles all appear, and the middle is connected with the figurative words "like, like, like, like", etc. For example, the harvested crops pile up like a stable hill. "

　　②暗喻。典型形式是：甲是乙。本体喻体都出现，中间没有比喻词，常用“是”、“成了”、“变成”等联结。例如：马克思主义和中国革命的关系，就是箭和靶的关系。

② Metaphor. The typical form is: A is B. Ontological vehicles all appear, with no figurative words in the middle. They are often connected with "yes", "cheng", "cheng", and "cheng". For example, the relationship between Marxism and the Chinese revolution is the relationship between arrows and targets.

　　③借喻。典型形式是：甲代乙。不出现本体，直接叙述喻体。但它不同于借代。借代取两事物相关点，借喻取两事物的相似点。例如：放下包袱，开动机器。

③ Metonymy. The typical form is: Party A replaces Party B. There is no noumenon, and the vehicle is described directly. But it is different from metonymy. Take the relevant points of two things by metonymy, and take the similarities of two things by analogy. For example: put down the baggage and start the machine.

　　④博喻。连用几个比喻从不同角度，运用不同的相似点对同一本体进行比喻。例如：层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的;正如一粒粒明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人。(“明珠”、“星星”“刚出浴的美人”分别从色彩、光华、感受等角度，抓住光亮、隐约闪烁、清新洁静等相似点来描绘出荷花的美。)

④ Boyu. Use several metaphors to metaphor the same ontology from different angles and with different similarities. For example, among the layers of leaves, there are some white flowers dotted sporadically, some are in bloom, some are in bud shyly; They are like bright pearls, stars in the blue sky, and beauties fresh from the bath. ("Pearl", "Star" and "Beauty just out of the bath" depict the beauty of lotus by grasping the similarities of light, flicker, freshness and quietness from the perspectives of color, brilliance and feeling.)

5.比拟

　　(1)比拟的特点及作用

(1) Characteristics and functions of analogy

　　把物当作人来写，或把人当作物来写，或把此物当作彼物来写，其形式特点是：事物“人化”，或人“物化”，或甲物“乙物化”。其作用是使所写“人”或“物”色彩鲜明、描绘形象，表意丰富。

Writing things as people, or people as things, or this thing as that thing, its formal characteristics are: things are "humanized", or people "materialized", or A things "materialized". Its function is to make the "people" or "things" written in bright colors, depict images and express rich ideas.

　　(2)比拟的种类

(2) Comparable category

　　①拟人。例如：杜甫川唱来柳林铺笑，红旗飘飘把手招。

① Personification. For example, Du Fuchuan sang and laughed in the willow grove, and the red flag fluttered.

　　②拟物。例如：咱们老实，才有恶霸，咱们敢动刀，恶霸就得夹着尾巴跑。

② Simulacrum. For example, if we are honest, there will be bullies. If we dare to use the sword, the bullies will have to run with their tails pinched.

6.排比

　　(1)排比的特点及其作用

(1) Characteristics and functions of parallelism

　　排比由三个或三个以上结构相同或相似，内容相关、语气一致的短语或句子组合而成。常用强调的同一词语重复出现在各个短语或句子的同一位置上。其作用在于加强语势，强调内容，加重感情。

Parallelism is composed of three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, relevant content and consistent tone. The same word often emphasized appears repeatedly in the same position of each phrase or sentence. Its role lies in strengthening language power, emphasizing content and aggravating feelings.

　　(2)排比的几种形式

(2) Several forms of parallelism

　　a、成分排比。例如：好像失了东三省，党国倒愈像一个国，失了东三省谁也不响，党国倒愈像一个国，失了东三省只有几个学生上几篇“呈文”，党国倒愈像一个国，可以博得“友邦人士”的夸奖，永远“国”下去一样。

A. Composition alignment. For example, it seems that without the Three Eastern Provinces, the Party State will become more and more like a country. Without the Three Eastern Provinces, no one will make a noise. The Party State will become more and more like a country. Without the Three Eastern Provinces, only a few students will give a few "submissions". The Party State will become more and more like a country, which can win the praise of "friends" and will continue to be the "country" forever.

　　b、句子排比。例如：他们的品质是那样的纯洁和高尚，他们的意志是那样的坚韧和刚强，他们的气质是那样的淳朴和谦逊，他们的胸怀是那样的美丽和宽广。

B. Sentence parallelism. For example, their quality is so pure and noble, their will is so tough and strong, their temperament is so simple and modest, and their mind is so beautiful and broad.

7.夸张

　　(1)夸张的特点及其作用!

(1) The characteristics and functions of exaggeration!

　　夸张指为追求某种表达效果，对原有事物进行合乎情理的着意扩大或缩小。要求使用时不能失去生活的基础和根据，不能浮夸。其作用在于烘托气氛，增强联想，给人启示。

Exaggeration refers to the reasonable expansion or reduction of the original things in pursuit of some expression effect. It is required that the foundation and basis of life should not be lost and exaggeration should not be allowed. Its role is to set off the atmosphere, enhance association and give people inspiration.

　　(2)夸张的几种形式

(2) Several forms of exaggeration

　　a、扩大夸张。例如：飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。

A. Exaggerate. For example, the Milky Way is suspected to fall nine days when the torrent flies down three thousand feet.

　　b、缩小夸张。例如：五岭逶迤腾细浪，乌蒙磅礴走泥丸。

B. Narrow exaggeration. For example, the five mountains are winding with small waves, and Wumeng is majestically walking with mud balls.

　　c、超前夸张。例如：看见这样鲜绿的麦苗，就嗅出白面馍馍的香味来了。

C. Exaggerate in advance. For example, when you see such green wheat seedlings, you can smell the smell of white steamed buns.

8.对偶

　　(1)对偶的特点及其作用

(1) The Characteristics and Functions of Duality

　　对偶就是“对对子”，也称“对仗”。它必须是一对字数相等，词性相对，结构相同，意义相关的短语或句子。两句间的关系有承接、递进、因果、假设和条件等。其作用有：便于吟诵，有音乐美;表意凝炼，抒情酣畅。

Duality is the "pair of opposites", also known as "antithesis". It must be a pair of phrases or sentences with equal number of words, relative parts of speech, the same structure and related meanings. The relations between the two sentences are succession, progression, cause and effect, hypothesis and condition, etc. Its functions are: easy to recite and have musical beauty; The expression is condensed and lyrical.

　　(2)对偶的几种形式

(2) Several Forms of Duality

　　①依内容分可分为正对、反对、串对。

① According to the content, it can be divided into positive, negative and serial pairs.

　　正对：上下句意思相似、相近、相补、相衬。

Exactly: The meanings of the two sentences are similar, similar, complementary and contrasting.

　　例如：天连五岭银锄落，地动三河铁臂摇。

For example, the sky connects the five mountains and silver hoes fall, and the earth shakes the iron arms of the three rivers.

　　反对：上下句意思相反、相对。例如：宜将剩勇追穷寇，不可沽名学霸王。

Objection: The two sentences have opposite meanings. For example, it is advisable to chase down the poor bandits with remaining courage, but not to sell out the famous overlords.

　　串对：又称“流水对”。上下句意思具有承接、递进、因果、假设、条件等关系。例如：为有牺牲多壮志，敢教日月换新天。

Serial pair: also called "flowing pair". The meaning of the preceding and following sentences has relations of succession, progression, cause and effect, hypothesis, condition, etc. For example, for the sake of sacrifice, dare to teach the sun and the moon to change the sky.

　　②依形式分可分为工对、宽对。

② According to the form, it can be divided into work pairs and wide pairs.

　　所谓工对，就是字数、词性、结构、平仄、用字等严格按对仗要求;所谓宽对，就是基本符合对仗要求，但某些方面稍有出入。也就是说形式要求稍宽松一点。

The so-called "work pair" means that the number of characters, part of speech, structure, tone and tone, and the use of characters are strictly in accordance with the requirements of antithesis; The so-called wide alignment means that it basically meets the requirements of the war, but there are some differences in some aspects. That is to say, the form requirement is a little looser.

　　③依结构分可分为成分对偶和句子对偶。

③ According to structure, it can be divided into component duality and sentence duality.

　　成分对偶。例如：山水本无知，蝶雁亦无情;但它们对待人类最公平，一视同仁，即不因达官显贵而呈欢卖笑，也不因山野渔樵而吝丽啬彩。

Component duality. For example, mountains and waters are ignorant, butterflies and geese are merciless; However, they treat human beings fairly and equally. They do not laugh because of the dignitaries and dignitaries, nor do they save money because of the fishermen and woodcutters in the mountains.

　　句子对偶。例如：墙上芦苇，头重脚轻根底浅;山间竹笋，嘴尖皮厚腹中空。

Sentence duality. For example, reeds on the wall are top heavy and light with shallow roots; Bamboo shoots in the mountains have a sharp mouth, thick skin and hollow belly.