高中语文文学常识大全(热门12篇)

　　文学常识，广义指涵盖文化的各种问题。枚举名家，略览名作，出入各派，浓缩中国文学精华。之中包括作家、年代、作品，文学中的地理、历史典故，也包括一般的人们众所周知的文学习惯。

内容导航

1、外国文学常识(一)史前神话(五)、宋代文学(二)、两汉文学(三)、魏晋南北朝文学(七)、明清文学6、当代文学(1949-2005)1、当代小说周立波的《暴风骤雨》丁玲的《太阳照在桑干河上》荣获斯大林文学奖金。(六)、元代文学8、中国古代文学(一)、先秦文学(二)、希腊罗马时代10、当代诗歌散文戏剧李季的《王贵与李香香》(四)、唐代文学12、现代文学(1919-1949)

1、外国文学常识(一)史前神话

　　1、古希腊神话：《荷马史诗》(《伊利亚特》《奥德赛》)

1. Ancient Greek mythology: Homer's Epic (Iliad, Odyssey)

　　2、古希伯莱神话：《圣经》(新旧约翰全书)

2. Ancient Hebrew Myth: The Bible (Old and New John)

　　3、亚洲有古代阿拉伯民间故事集《天方夜谭》(又称《一千零一夜》)

3. In Asia, there is an ancient Arabian folktale collection, The Arabian Nights (also known as The Arabian Nights)

(五)、宋代文学

　　1、宋词和宋诗

1. Song Ci and Song Poetry

　　①以苏辛为代表的宋词豪放派。苏轼，字子瞻，东坡居士，其诗、文、字画都有极高成就。与其父苏洵、弟苏辙号称“三苏”。著有《苏东坡集》。辛弃疾，字幼安，号稼轩，有《稼轩长短句》。

① Song Ci bold and unconstrained school represented by Su Xin. Su Shi, a scholar of Dongpo, has made great achievements in poetry, literature, calligraphy and painting. With his father Su Xun and younger brother Su Zhe, he is known as the "three su". He is the author of Su Dongpo Collection. Xin Qiji, with the word You'an, is named Jiaxuan, and has the short and long sentences of Jiaxuan.

　　②以柳永、李清照、姜夔等人为代表的宋词婉约派。柳永，李清照，姜夔。

② Song Ci tactful school represented by Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao, Jiang Kui, etc. Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao, Jiang Kui.

　　③伟大的爱国诗人陆游和伟大的民族英雄文天祥。陆字务观,号放翁，著有《剑南诗稿》。文天祥,字履善又字宋瑞，自号文山，著《文山全集》，名篇有《正气歌》《过伶仃洋》。

③ The great patriotic poet Lu You and the great national hero Wen Tianxiang. Lu Zi Wu Guan, whose title is Fangweng, wrote Jiannan Poems. Wen Tianxiang, whose name is "Lu Shanyou" and whose name is "Song Rui", was named Wenshan. He wrote the Complete Works of Wenshan, including "Song of Virtue" and "Crossing Lingding Ocean".

　　2、宋代散文①著名的“唐宋八大家”。唐宋八大家是：韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、曾巩。

2. Song Dynasty prose ① The famous "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasty". The eight masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties are Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi and Zeng Gong.

　　②范仲淹，字希文，谥号文正公。《岳阳楼记》为千古名篇。

② Fan Zhongyan, with Xiwen as his posthumous title, Wenzhenggong. The Yueyang Tower is a masterpiece for thousands of years.

　　3、宋人话本话本是“说话”艺人的底本、著名话本有《大宋宣和遗事》(内有水浒故事)《三国志平话》(后演进为《三国演义》)。

3. The storybook of the Song Dynasty is the base of the "talking" artists. The famous storybooks include "The Great Song Dynasty Xuanhe Legacy" (including the Water Margin story) and "The Three Kingdoms Annals" (later evolved into "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms").

(二)、两汉文学

　　A、两汉散文

A. Prose of the Han Dynasty

　　①贾谊，世称贾生。又称贾长沙，贾太傅。著《新书》十卷。《过秦论》、《论积贮疏》是他的代表作。

① Jia Yi is known as Jia Sheng. Also known as Jia Changsha, Jia Taifu. He wrote ten volumes of New Books. Guo Qin Lun and On Ji Yu Shu are his representative works.

　　②司马迁，字子长，伟大的史学家、文学家。著《史记》首创“纪传体”,分为本纪、世家、列传、表、书。鲁迅称《史记》为“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”。

② Sima Qian, with a long character, is a great historian and writer. The first "biographical style" was created in Shiji, which can be divided into the original discipline, aristocratic families, biographies, tables and books. Lu Xun called "Records of the Historian" "the swan song of historians and the unrhymned Lisao" ".

　　③班固的《汉书》、刘向编订的《战国策》都名垂史册。

③ Ban Gu's "Han Shu" and Liu Xiang's "Warring States Policy" are both famous in history.

　　B、乐府民歌和赋。

B. Yuefu folk songs and fu.

　　1、乐府民歌：乐，民乐;府，官府。乐府原为汉代音乐机关所搜集的诗。《孔雀东南飞》

1. Yuefu folk songs: music, folk music; Government. The Yuefu was originally a poem collected by music organs in the Han Dynasty. Peacock Flying Southeast

　　2、赋是我国古代韵文和散文的综合体。

2. Fu is a synthesis of Chinese ancient verse and prose.

　　司马相如的《子虚赋》《上林赋》。贾谊的《吊屈原赋》都很有名。

Sima Xiangru's Zixu Fu and Shanglin Fu. Jia Yi's Fu of Hanging Qu Yuan is very famous.

(三)、魏晋南北朝文学

　　A、魏晋南北朝的诗歌和散文

A. Poetry and Prose in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

　　①“三曹”、“三曹”即曹氏父子曹操、曹丕、曹植。曹操的《观沧海》，曹丕的《燕歌行》，曹植的《名都篇》《白马篇》《洛神赋》都很有名。

① "Three Caos" and "Three Caos" refer to Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, Cao's father and son. Cao Cao's View of the Sea, Cao Pi's Yan Ge Xing, Cao Zhi's Ming Du Pian, Bai Ma Pian, and Luo Shen Fu are all famous.

　　②“建安七子”指孔融、陈琳、王粲、徐干、阮禹(yǔ)应扬(yáng)刘桢。王粲的《七哀诗》成就最高。

② "Jian'an Seven Sons" refer to Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Can, Xu Gan and Ruan Yu (Y ǔ) Ying Yang (Y á NG) Liu Zhen. Wang Can's Seven Sorrow Poems achieved the highest achievement.

　　③“竹林七贤”指嵇康、阮籍、向秀等七位作者

③ "Seven Sages in the Bamboo Forest" refers to Ji Kang, Ruan Ji and Xiang Xiu

　　④陶渊明,名潜,字元亮，世称靖节先生。《桃花源记》《归去来辞》《归园田居》《饮酒》是传世之作。

④ Tao Yuanming, whose name is Qian and whose characters are bright, is known as Mr. Jingjie. "The Peach Blossom Garden", "Returning Home", "Returning to the Garden" and "Drinking" are works handed down from generation to generation.

　　⑤此外,诸葛亮《出师表》、范晔(yè)《后汉书》、陈寿《三国志》、王羲之《兰亭集序》、刘勰《文心雕龙》、郦道元《水经注》都名垂史册。

⑤ In addition, Zhuge Liang's Memorial on Dispatching a Teacher, Fan Ye's (Y è) History of the Later Han Dynasty, Chen Shou's Annals of the Three Kingdoms, Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Collection, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long, and Li Daoyuan's Shui Jing Zhu are all famous in history.

　　B、魏晋南北朝的小说。(小说的发展期)

B. The novels of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. (The development period of the novel)

　　①志怪小说以干宝《搜神记》为代表。《干将莫邪》。

① The mystery novels are represented by Ganbao's Soushen Ji. Moye, a Ganjiang.

　　②轶事小说以刘义庆的《世说新语》为代表。《周处》。

② Anecdote novels are represented by Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Zhou Chu.

(七)、明清文学

　　1、明清小说

1. Novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

　　A、明代的章回小说和“四大奇书”、明朝人称《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《金瓶梅》为四大奇书。

A. The chapter novels and "Four Wonderful Books" of the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty called "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "The Water Margin", "Journey to the West" and "Plum in the Golden Vase" as four wonderful books.

　　《金瓶梅》的作者叫兰陵笑笑生，该书反映了明代中叶的社会现实。

The author of The Plum in the Golden Vase is Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng, which reflects the social reality in the middle of the Ming Dynasty.

　　B、伟大的现实主义小说《红楼梦》以贾宝玉、林黛玉爱情悲剧为线索,描写了贾、史、王、薜四大家族的兴衰史，反映了封建社会的日趋衰亡。作者曹雪芹，号雪芹又号芹圃,芹溪。清代小说家。

B. The great realistic novel A Dream of Red Mansions, based on the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, describes the rise and fall of the four families Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue, and reflects the gradual decline of the feudal society. The author is Cao Xueqin, named Snow Celery and Celery Garden, Celery Stream. A novelist in the Qing Dynasty.

　　C、此外还有明代冯梦龙的“三言”(《喻世明言》《警世通言》《醒世恒言》),清人蒲松龄的《聊斋志异》、清人吴敬梓的《儒林外史》清人刘鹗的《老残游记》,吴沃尧(字趼人)的《二十年目睹之怪现状》李宝嘉的《官场现行记》、曾朴的《孽海花》被列为清末四大谴责小说。

C. In addition, Feng Menglong's "Three Words" ("Yu Shi Ming Yan", "Alerting to the World", and "Awakening to the World") of the Ming Dynasty, Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Liaozhai" of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Jingzi's "The Scholars" of the Qing Dynasty, Liu E's "Journey of the Old Man" of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Woyao's "The Strange Situation of the Twenty Years", Li Baojia's "The Current Record of Officialdom", and Zeng Pu's "Nie Hai Hua" were listed as the four major condemnation novels in the late Qing Dynasty.

　　2、明清诗文

2. Poetry and prose of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

　　A、明代。刘基字伯温，著有《诚意伯集》;宋濂，字景濂，著有《宋学士文集》;徐宏祖号霞客,著有《徐霞客游记》;张溥，字天如，著有《七录斋集》

A. Ming Dynasty. Liu Ji, with the character of Bowen, is the author of the Collection of Sincerity; Song Lian, known as Jing Lian, is the author of Collected Works of Scholars of Song Dynasty; Xu Hongzu, known as Xiake, is the author of Xu Xiake's Travels; Zhang Pu, with the word Tianru, wrote the Collection of Qiluzhai

　　B、清代。顾炎武，著有《日知录》;方苞，著《方望溪全集》是桐城派始祖;姚鼐，是桐城派大散文家。著《惜抱轩诗文集》;袁枚，字子才，号随园老人,著有《小仓山房诗文集》《随园诗话》。

B. Qing Dynasty. Gu Yanwu, author of Rizhi Lu; Fang Bao, the founder of Tongcheng School, wrote Complete Works of Fang Wangxi; Yao Nai is a great essayist of Tongcheng School. "Xibaoxuan Poetry Collection"; Yuan Mei, with the character of Zicai, is an old man in Suiyuan. He is the author of Xiaocangshanfang Poetry Collection and Suiyuan Poetry.

6、当代文学(1949-2005)1、当代小说周立波的《暴风骤雨》丁玲的《太阳照在桑干河上》荣获斯大林文学奖金。

　　赵树理的《小二黑结婚》《李有才板话》

Zhao Shuli's Marriage of Little Erhei and Li Youcai's Talks

　　孙犁《白洋淀纪事》《荷花淀》

Sun Li's Chronicle of Baiyang Lake and Lotus Lake

　　杨沫的《青春之歌》

Yang Mo's Song of Youth

　　柳青《创业史》

History of Entrepreneurship by Liu Qing

　　古华的《芙蓉镇》都是名家名作。

Furong Town by Gu Hua is a masterpiece.

　　当代崛起的小说家还有刘绍棠、从维熙、王蒙、路遥、柯云路、张杭杭、王安忆、贾平凹等。

The contemporary rising novelists include Liu Shaotang, Cong Weixi, Wang Meng, Lu Yao, Ke Yunlu, Zhang Hanghang, Wang Anyi, Jia Pingwa, etc.

(六)、元代文学

　　1、元曲四大家

1. Four Masters of Yuan Opera

　　①关汉卿，号已斋叟，名作有《窦娥冤》《望江亭》《拜月亭》《救风尘》

① Guan Hanqing, known as the old man who has lived a long life, has masterpieces such as Dou'e's Grievance, Wangjiang Pavilion, Moon Worship Pavilion, and Saving the Wind and Dust

　　②郑光祖，代表作是《倩女离魂》

② Zheng Guangzu, whose masterpiece is "The Departure of a Beautiful Woman"

　　③白朴，名作有《墙头马上》

③ Bai Pu, whose masterpiece is The Wall Horse

　　④马致远，名作有《汉宫秋》

④ Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece is Han Palace Autumn

　　2、十大悲剧(主要是前六部)

2. Ten tragedies (mainly the first six)

　　①关汉卿的《窦娥冤》②纪君的《赵氏孤儿》③白朴的《梧桐雨》④马致远的《汉宫秋》⑤洪升的《长生殿》⑥孔尚任的《桃花扇》此外还有⑦冯梦龙的《精忠魂》⑧孟称舜的《娇红记》⑨李玉的《精忠谱》⑩方成培的《雷峰塔》。

① Guan Hanqing's "Dou E Yuan" ② Ji Jun's "Zhao's Orphan" ③ Bai Pu's "wutong Rain" ④ Ma Zhiyuan's "Han Palace Autumn" ⑤ Hong Sheng's "Longevity Hall" ⑥ Kong Shangren's "Peach Blossom Fan", in addition to ⑦ Feng Menglong's "Faithful Soul" ⑧ Meng Shun's "Jiao Hong Ji" ⑨ Li Yu's "Faithful Spectrum" ⑩ Fang Chengpei's "Leifeng Tower".

　　3、王实甫和他的《西厢记》王实甫，字德信。《西厢记》的主题是反对封建礼教追求婚姻爱情幸福。

3. Wang Shifu and his Romance of the Western Chamber, Wang Shifu, are virtuous and trustworthy. The theme of Romance of the Western Chamber is to oppose feudal ethics and pursue happiness in marriage and love.

8、中国古代文学(一)、先秦文学

　　1、上古神话

1. Ancient mythology

　　中国古代神话名篇有: 女娲补天、后羿射日、精卫填海、(盘古)开天辟地、黄帝战蚩(chī)尤、刘安《淮南子》等。

Famous ancient Chinese myths include: Nuwa mends the sky, Hou Yi shoots the sun, Jingwei reclaims the sea, (Pangu) inaugurates the world, and the Yellow Emperor Zhanchi (CH ī) You, Liu An, Huainan Zi, etc.

　　2、先秦散文

2. Pre Qin Prose

　　A、儒家经典 “四书”指《论语》《孟子》《大学》《中庸》。

A. The Confucian classics "four books" refer to The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Great Learning, and The Doctrine of the Mean.

　　“五经”指《诗经》《尚书》《礼记》《易经》《春秋》 “六经”又称六艺(《乐》)

The "Five Classics" refer to the "Six Classics" in the Book of Songs, the Book of History, the Book of Rites, the Book of Changes, the Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as the Six Arts (Music)

　　B、历史散文。《左传》(编年体) 《战国策》(国别体) 《国语》(国别体)

B. Historical prose. Zuo Zhuan (chronological style), Warring States Policies (national style), National Language (national style)

　　“春秋三传”《左传》《谷梁传》《公羊传》

"Three Biographies in Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Biography", "Guliang Biography", and "Gongyang Biography"

　　C、诸子百家散文著名的有：

C. Famous prose works of various schools of thought include:

　　①老子，李耳，字聃(dān)，道家学派创始人，著有《道德经》。

① Laozi, Li Er, Zi Dan (D ā N) , founder of Taoism School, and author of Tao Te Ching.

　　②孔子名丘，字仲尼。是儒家学派创始人，《论语》是孔子弟子记载孔子和他的学生言行的书。(《季氏》《荷》)

② Confucius is named Qiu, with the word Zhongni. He is the founder of the Confucian School. The Analects of Confucius is a book written by Confucius' disciples to record the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. (Ji Shi, He)

　　③墨子名翟(dí)，墨家学派创始人。《墨子》53篇。

③ Mozi, whose name is D í, is the founder of Mohist School. Mozi has 53 articles.

　　④孟子名轲，字子舆。儒家学派继承者。《孟子》是孟子学生记录孟子言行的书。(《得道多助，失道寡助》《生于忧患，死于安乐》《庄暴见孟子》《鱼我所欲也》。)

④ Mencius was named Ke and Ziyu. Inheritor of Confucianism. Mencius is a book in which Mencius students record his words and deeds. ("More help is gained, less help is lost", "born in distress, died in peace", "Zhuang met Mencius violently", "I want fish".)

　　⑤庄子，名周，战国道家著《庄子》。(《庖丁解牛》)

⑤ Zhuangzi, famous in Zhou Dynasty, was written by Taoism in the Warring States Period. (Pao Ding Jie Niu)

　　⑥荀子，战国儒家,著《荀子》32篇。(《劝学》)

⑥ Xunzi, a Confucian in the Warring States Period, wrote 32 chapters of Xunzi. (Persuading Learning)

　　⑦韩非子，法家。著《韩非子》。(《扁鹊见蔡桓公》《五蠹》《智子疑邻》。)

⑦ Han Feizi is a Legalist. Han Feizi. (The Bian Que Meets the Duke Huan of Cai, The Wutong, The Wise Son Doubts His Neighbor.)

　　⑧《吕氏春秋》又称《吕览》,是秦相吕不韦和他的门客的集体创作。(《察今》)

⑧ Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lu Lan, is the collective creation of Lu Buwei, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, and his disciples. (Chajin)

　　⑨李斯的代表作是散文《谏逐客书》。

⑨ Li Si's representative work is the prose "Admonish and Chase Guests".

　　3、先秦诗歌

3. Pre Qin Poetry

　　A、《诗经》。《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集,共305篇。分风、雅、颂三类、风是民歌,雅是乐歌,颂是祭歌。诗经的表现手法是比、兴、赋。“比”即比喻，以彼物比此的。“兴”先言他物以引起所咏之词，“赋”直陈其事。

A. The Book of Songs. The Book of Songs is the first poetry collection in China, with 305 pieces in total. There are three categories: wind, elegance and ode. Wind is a folk song, elegance is a musical song, and ode is a sacrificial song. The expression methods of the Book of Songs are comparison, prosperity and fu. "Bi" is a metaphor. "Xing" first talks about other things in order to arouse the chanted words, and "Fu" tells the story directly.

　　B、《楚辞》。西汉学者刘向把屈原宋玉等人的作品编辑成书，定名为《楚辞》。屈原(前340?-前277?)名平,我国伟大爱国主义诗人、曾在楚国任左徒三闾大夫等职。代表作是《离骚》《九歌》《九章》。

B. Chu Ci. Liu Xiang, a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, edited the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others into a book, which was named "Songs of Chu". Qu Yuan (340 ° F - 277 ° F) Mingping, a great patriotic poet in China, once served as a leftist official in the State of Chu. His representative works are Lisao, Jiuge and Jiuzhang.

(二)、希腊罗马时代

　　1、散文

1. Prose

　　《理想国》(柏拉图)《诗学》(亚里士多德)

The Republic (Plato), Poetics (Aristotle)

　　2、戏剧

2. Drama

　　《被缚的普罗米修斯》(埃斯库罗斯)

Prometheus Bound (Aeschylus)

　　3、寓言

3. Allegory

　　《伊索寓言》相传为一个名叫伊索的奴隶写的。

It is said that Aesop's Fables was written by a slave named Aesop.

　　(《蚊子和狮子》《赫耳墨斯和雕像者》)

(Mosquitoes and Lions, Hermes and the Statue Man)

10、当代诗歌散文戏剧李季的《王贵与李香香》

　　柯岩的《周总理，我在哪里?》

Premier Zhou, Where am I

　　贺敬之、丁毅的《白毛女》

The White Haired Girl by He Jingzhi and Ding Yi

　　吴伯萧的《北极星》

Wu Boxiao's Polaris

　　杨朔的《茶花赋》

Yang Shuo's Fu on Tea Flowers

　　秦牧的《花城》

Qin Mu's Flower City

　　刘白羽的《长江三峡》

Liu Baiyu's The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River

　　碧野的《阳光灿烂照天山》

Biye's Sunny Mountain

　　舒婷的《橡树》

Shu Ting's Oak

(四)、唐代文学

　　1、唐诗

1. Tang Poetry

　　①“初唐四杰”：“初唐四杰”是王勃、杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王。王勃的《送杜少府之任蜀川》《腾王阁序》脍炙人口。

① "Four heroes in early Tang Dynasty": "Four heroes in early Tang Dynasty" are Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Binwang. Wang Bo's "Send Du Shaofu to Shuchuan" and "Tengwang Pavilion Preface" are very popular.

　　②“山水田园诗人”王维、孟浩然。王维字摩诘，一位大诗人，著名“画家和音乐家”;人们说他“诗中有画，画中有诗”。名作有《使至塞上》《山居秋暝》。孟浩然是王维密友,名篇有《过故人庄》。

② Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, "Landscape and Pastoral Poets". Wang Wei, a great poet, is a famous "painter and musician"; People say that he has "paintings in poetry and poems in paintings". His masterpieces include "To the Fortress" and "To dwell in the mountains at autumn dusk". Meng Haoran is a close friend of Wang Wei. His famous article is Passing the Old Man's Manor.

　　③“边塞诗人”高适、岑参、王昌龄、王之涣。高适《燕歌行》、岑(cén)参(shēn)《白雪歌》、王昌龄《芙蓉楼送辛浙》、王之涣《登鹳雀楼》都是名篇。

③ "Frontier Fortress Poets" Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Changling and Wang Zhihuan. Gao Shi, Yan Ge Xing, Cen (C é N) Shen (SH ē N) "The Song of White Snow", "Farewell to Xinzhe from Furong Tower" by Wang Changling, and "Climbing the Stork Tower" by Wang Zhihuan are all famous works.

　　④诗仙李白，诗圣杜甫，人民诗人白居易。

④ Li Bai, the poet saint, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi, the poet of the people.

　　李白，字太白，号青莲居士。李白是伟大的浪漫主义诗人、名作有《将进酒》、《蜀道难》、《梦游天姥吟留别》《秋浦歌》《静夜诗》《赠汪伦》等、著《李太白集》。

Li Bai, whose name is Taibai, is called Qinglian Jushi. Li Bai is a great romantic poet. His masterpieces include "Going to Wine", "Difficult Sichuan Road", "Sleepwalking Tianmu Singing Farewell", "Autumn Puge", "Silent Night Poems", "To Wang Lun", and so on.

　　杜甫,字子美，又称杜工部，是伟大的现实主义诗人。名作有“三吏”(《潼关吏》《石壕吏》《新安吏》)“三别”(《无家别》《垂老别》《新婚别》)《北征》《兵车行》《茅屋为秋风所破歌》等。

Du Fu, also known as Du Gong Bu, is a great realistic poet. His masterpieces include "Three Officials" ("Tongguan Officials", "Shihao Officials", "Xin'an Officials"), "Three Farewells" ("No Family Farewell", "Farewell to the Elderly", "Farewell to the Newly Married"), "Northern Expedition", "Soldier's Cart Walk", and "The Song of the Cottage Broken by Autumn Wind".

　　白居易，字乐天，号香山居士。双称白香山，白太傅、白居易主张“文章合为时而著，歌诗合为事而作”。名作《长恨歌》《琵琶行》。

Bai Juyi, known as Lotte, is a resident of Xiangshan. Bai Xiangshan is also known as Bai Xiangshan. Bai Taifu and Bai Juyi advocated that "articles should be written in a timely manner, and songs and poems should be written in a timely manner". His masterpieces "Song of Everlasting Regret" and "Line of Pipa".

　　⑤“小李杜”：李商隐，杜牧，著有《樊川文集》。

⑤ "Xiao Li Du": Li Shangyin, Du Mu, and the author of Fan Chuan Anthology.

　　⑥“诗中三李”为李白，李商隐，李贺。

⑥ "Three Lis in Poetry" are Li Bai, Li Shangyin and Li He.

　　2、唐代散文

2. Tang Dynasty Prose

　　①韩愈。韩愈，字退之，自号昌黎，又称韩吏部。韩愈是唐代“古文运动”的领袖，著《昌黎先生集》。

① Han Yu. Han Yu, whose name was "Chang Li", was also called "Han Li Department". Han Yu was the leader of the "ancient prose movement" in the Tang Dynasty, and wrote the Collection of Mr. Changli.

　　②柳宗元，字子厚，又称柳河东。写了著名的《永州八记》著有《柳河东集》。

② Liu Zongyuan, also known as Liuhedong, has a thick character. He wrote the famous "Eight Records of Yongzhou" and "Collection of Liuhe East".

　　3、唐人传奇(小说发展的成熟期)

3. Legend of Tang Dynasty (the mature period of novel development)

　　陈鸿的《长恨歌》传，李朝威的《柳毅传》都是较成熟的文言小说。

Chen Hong's Everlasting Regret and Li Chaowei's Liu Yi are both mature classical Chinese novels.

12、现代文学(1919-1949)

　　鲁迅原名周树人。著有小说《呐喊》(内有《狂人日记》、《药》、《阿Q正传》、《故乡》等名篇)《彷徨》(内有《祝福》、《伤逝》等名篇)和《故事新编》。

Lu Xun's original name was Zhou Shuren. He is the author of the novels "Scream" (including "Diary of a Madman", "Medicine", "True Story of Ah Q", "Hometown" and other famous articles), "Wandering" (including "Blessing", "Sadness for the Past" and other famous articles) and "New Stories".

　　茅盾原名沈德鸿,字雁冰。其代表作长篇小说《子夜》，他的“农村三部曲”是《春蚕》、《秋收》、《残冬》。

Mao Dun, formerly known as Shen Dehong, was named Yanbing. His representative novel Midnight and his "rural trilogy" are Spring Silkworm, Autumn Harvest and Winter.

　　巴金：原名李尧棠、字芾甘，主要作品有“激流三部曲”《家》、《春》、《秋》。“爱情三部曲”《雾》《雨》《电》。

Ba Jin: formerly known as Li Yaotang and Fu Gan, his main works include "Rapids Trilogy", "Home", "Spring" and "Autumn". "Love Trilogy", "Fog", "Rain" and "Electricity".

　　老舍原名舒庆春，字舍予。主要作品有《骆驼祥子》《四世同堂》、《月牙儿》、解放后写了剧本《龙须沟》、《茶馆》。

Lao She was originally named Shu Qingchun, with the word Sheyu. His main works include Camel Xiangzi, Four Generations in the Same Hall, Crescent Moon, and after liberation, he wrote plays Longxu Valley and Teahouse.

　　此外，还有叶圣陶的《倪焕之》钱钟书的《围城》沈从文的《边城》郁达夫的《沉沦》，都是名家名篇。

In addition, Ye Shengtao's Ni Huanzhi, Qian Zhongshu's Fortress Besieged, Shen Congwen's Border Town, and Yu Dafu's Sinking are all famous works.

　　郭沫若，原名郭开贞。其代表作为诗集《女神》。后双写了剧本《屈原》、《虎符》、《高渐离》等。

Guo Moruo, formerly known as Guo Kaizhen. Its representative is the poetry collection Goddess. Later Shuang wrote plays such as Qu Yuan, Tiger Talisman and Gao gradually left.

　　曹禺的《雷雨》是杰出的现实主义悲剧，还写《北京人》《日出》《王昭君》等名篇。

Cao Yu's Thunderstorm is an outstanding realist tragedy. He also wrote famous works such as Peking Man, Sunrise and Wang Zhaojun.

　　此外还有夏衍的《包身工》朱自清的《荷塘月色》《背影》冰心的《寄小读者》《小桔灯》艾青的《大堰河，我的保姆》鲁迅的《朝花夕拾》《野草》都是名家名作。

In addition, Xia Yan's "Bodyman", Zhu Ziqing's "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond", "Shadow", Bing Xin's "To the Little Reader", "Little Orange Lantern", Ai Qing's "Dayan River, My Nurse", Lu Xun's "Morning Flowers and Evening Gathering", and "Wild Grass" are masterpieces.